Unix Useful Commands:
This post lists commands, including a syntax and brief description.
Note: commands are case sensitive means cp or Cp r CP all are different.
For more detail about any command you can use man command which describe about that command.
$ man command_name
i.e. $ man cp
After type the above command you can see description about cp command.
Command used for Files and Directories:
These commands are used to create directories and handle files.
Command Description
cat file_name: display file contents
cat vishwa.sh : display contents of vishwa.sh file
cd dir_name : change directory to dir_name
cd d : change to d directory
chgrp : change file group
chmod rwx Changing Permissions of file
chmod 777 test.txt change full permission to text.txt
cp source_file dest_file Copy source file into destination
cp test.txt test_data.txt copy a new file as test_data.txt
file Determine file type
file test.txt ascii text type
find Find files
find test.txt it print text.txt file if exist otherwise no such file or directory
grep Search files for regular expressions.
grep "txt" it will search all file with txt type.(It is used with other commands with pipleline(|) command to concat. results.
i.e. ls | grep "txt" It will show all the files of .txt extension on terminal.
head Display first few lines of a file
head test.txt It will display few top line of file test.txt file.
ls Display information about file type.
ls It will display all the files and directory at the current location.
ls -l It will display all files with access permission,owner,date,time etc information
mkdir Create a new directory name
mkdir vishwa will create a file name as vishwa in D directory
more Display data in paginated form.
more test.txt will display data in step by step format
mv Move (Rename a file) a oldname to newname.
mv test.txt test_copy.txt will create a new file with name text_copy.txt
pwd Print current working directory.
pwd will print the current working directory
pwd /home/vishwarup (in my system).
rm Remove (Delete) a filename
rm test.txt will remove test.txt file
rm -r vishwa will remove vishwa folder (here -r is used to remove folder).
rmdir Remove an existing directory provided it is empty.
rmdir vishwa will remove vishwa folder
tail Prints last few lines in a file.
trail test.txt will print last few line of file.(it is opposite command of head)
touch Update access and modification time of a file.
touch test.txt will update access and modification time of test.txt
Manipulating data:
The contents of files can be compared and altered with the below commands.
awk Pattern scanning and processing language
cmp Compare the contents of two files
cmm test.txt test data.txt will compare these two files
comm Compare sorted data
cut Cut out selected fields of each line of a file
diff Differential file comparator
expand Expand tabs to spaces
join Join files on some common field
perl Data manipulation language
sed Stream text editor
sort Sort file data
sort test.txt will sort all data of file test.txt
split Split file into smaller files
tr Translate characters
wc Count words, lines, and characters
wc test.txt will count words,lines and characters
vi Opens vi text editor
vi test.txt will open vi editor with name test.txt
vim Opens vim text editor
vim test.txt open test.txt file in vim editor
fmt Simple text formatter
spell Check text for spelling error
Compressed Files:
Files may be compressed to save space.Compressed files can be created and examined by below commands:
compress Compress files
gunzip Uncompress gzipped files
gzip GNU alternative compression method
unzip List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
Zcat Cat a compressed file
Network Communication:
These following commands are used to send and receive files from a local UNIX hosts to the remote host around the world.
ftp File transfer program
rcp Remote file copy
rlogin Remote login to a UNIX host
rsh Remote shell
tftp Trivial file transfer program
telnet Make terminal connection to another host
ssh Secure shell terminal or command connection
scp Secure shell remote file copy
sftp secure shell file transfer program
Some of these commands may be restricted at your computer for security reasons.
Misc Commands:
Chown Change owner
date will display date with day and time
cal will display calender
echo to print text on terminal
echo vishwa will print vishwa on terminal
exit will close the current working terminal
ps will display the process Id
kill to kill any process name with process id
kill process_id to kill process_id
last Show last logins of users
logout log off UNIX
netstat Show network status
passwd Change user password
....................................
This post lists commands, including a syntax and brief description.
Note: commands are case sensitive means cp or Cp r CP all are different.
For more detail about any command you can use man command which describe about that command.
$ man command_name
i.e. $ man cp
After type the above command you can see description about cp command.
Command used for Files and Directories:
These commands are used to create directories and handle files.
Command Description
cat file_name: display file contents
cat vishwa.sh : display contents of vishwa.sh file
cd dir_name : change directory to dir_name
cd d : change to d directory
chgrp : change file group
chmod rwx Changing Permissions of file
chmod 777 test.txt change full permission to text.txt
cp source_file dest_file Copy source file into destination
cp test.txt test_data.txt copy a new file as test_data.txt
file Determine file type
file test.txt ascii text type
find Find files
find test.txt it print text.txt file if exist otherwise no such file or directory
grep Search files for regular expressions.
grep "txt" it will search all file with txt type.(It is used with other commands with pipleline(|) command to concat. results.
i.e. ls | grep "txt" It will show all the files of .txt extension on terminal.
head Display first few lines of a file
head test.txt It will display few top line of file test.txt file.
ls Display information about file type.
ls It will display all the files and directory at the current location.
ls -l It will display all files with access permission,owner,date,time etc information
mkdir Create a new directory name
mkdir vishwa will create a file name as vishwa in D directory
more Display data in paginated form.
more test.txt will display data in step by step format
mv Move (Rename a file) a oldname to newname.
mv test.txt test_copy.txt will create a new file with name text_copy.txt
pwd Print current working directory.
pwd will print the current working directory
pwd /home/vishwarup (in my system).
rm Remove (Delete) a filename
rm test.txt will remove test.txt file
rm -r vishwa will remove vishwa folder (here -r is used to remove folder).
rmdir Remove an existing directory provided it is empty.
rmdir vishwa will remove vishwa folder
tail Prints last few lines in a file.
trail test.txt will print last few line of file.(it is opposite command of head)
touch Update access and modification time of a file.
touch test.txt will update access and modification time of test.txt
Manipulating data:
The contents of files can be compared and altered with the below commands.
awk Pattern scanning and processing language
cmp Compare the contents of two files
cmm test.txt test data.txt will compare these two files
comm Compare sorted data
cut Cut out selected fields of each line of a file
diff Differential file comparator
expand Expand tabs to spaces
join Join files on some common field
perl Data manipulation language
sed Stream text editor
sort Sort file data
sort test.txt will sort all data of file test.txt
split Split file into smaller files
tr Translate characters
wc Count words, lines, and characters
wc test.txt will count words,lines and characters
vi Opens vi text editor
vi test.txt will open vi editor with name test.txt
vim Opens vim text editor
vim test.txt open test.txt file in vim editor
fmt Simple text formatter
spell Check text for spelling error
Compressed Files:
Files may be compressed to save space.Compressed files can be created and examined by below commands:
compress Compress files
gunzip Uncompress gzipped files
gzip GNU alternative compression method
unzip List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
Zcat Cat a compressed file
Network Communication:
These following commands are used to send and receive files from a local UNIX hosts to the remote host around the world.
ftp File transfer program
rcp Remote file copy
rlogin Remote login to a UNIX host
rsh Remote shell
tftp Trivial file transfer program
telnet Make terminal connection to another host
ssh Secure shell terminal or command connection
scp Secure shell remote file copy
sftp secure shell file transfer program
Some of these commands may be restricted at your computer for security reasons.
Misc Commands:
Chown Change owner
date will display date with day and time
cal will display calender
echo to print text on terminal
echo vishwa will print vishwa on terminal
exit will close the current working terminal
ps will display the process Id
kill to kill any process name with process id
kill process_id to kill process_id
last Show last logins of users
logout log off UNIX
netstat Show network status
passwd Change user password
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